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Life Processes Class 10 Science NCERT notes, summary, MCQs, keywords and exam tips explained in simple, SEO-optimized, student-friendly language.
Introduction of the Chapter
The chapter Life Processes from Class 10 Science NCERT explains the basic functions that are necessary to maintain life in all living organisms. These life processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
Understanding Life Processes helps students learn how plants and animals survive, grow, and function. This chapter is concept-based, frequently asked in board exams, and very important for competitive examinations.
Short Notes – Life Processes (Bullet Points)
- Life Processes are essential activities that keep organisms alive
- All living beings perform nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion
- Nutrition can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic
- Transportation in humans occurs through the circulatory system
- Plants use xylem and phloem for transport
- Excretion removes harmful metabolic wastes
- Proper coordination of life processes maintains internal balance
Detailed Summary of Life Processes (200–250 Words)
The chapter Life Processes deals with the essential functions that are necessary for the survival of living organisms. These processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Each life process plays a vital role in maintaining life.
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain food and energy. In Life Processes, nutrition is classified into autotrophic nutrition, seen in green plants, and heterotrophic nutrition, seen in animals. Respiration is the process of breaking down food to release energy. It can be aerobic, requiring oxygen, or anaerobic, occurring without oxygen.
Transportation is another important life process. In humans, blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste materials through the circulatory system. In plants, water and minerals are transported by xylem, while food is transported by phloem. Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes like carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water.
The chapter Life Processes helps students understand how different systems work together to maintain life. It explains the interdependence of various organs and systems. This chapter is highly scoring if diagrams, definitions, and comparisons are learned properly.
Flowchart / Mind Map – Life Processes
Life Processes
|
|-- Nutrition
| |-- Autotrophic
| |-- Heterotrophic
|
|-- Respiration
| |-- Aerobic
| |-- Anaerobic
|
|-- Transportation
| |-- Humans (Heart, Blood)
| |-- Plants (Xylem, Phloem)
|
|-- Excretion
|-- Humans (Kidneys)
|-- Plants (Stomata, Leaves)
Important Keywords with Meanings
- Life Processes – Basic functions necessary for survival
- Nutrition – Intake and utilization of food
- Respiration – Release of energy from food
- Transportation – Movement of substances in the body
- Excretion – Removal of waste materials
- Autotrophic Nutrition – Food made by plants
- Heterotrophic Nutrition – Food obtained from others
Important Questions & Answers – Life Processes
Short Answer Questions
Q1. What are life processes?
A: Life processes are essential activities like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion that maintain life.
Q2. Name the types of nutrition.
A: Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Long Answer Question
Q. Explain respiration as a life process.
A: Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food. It may be aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen). Energy released is used for growth, repair, and maintenance.
MCQs – Life Processes (25 Questions)
- Which process is essential for energy production?
A. Excretion
B. Transportation
C. Respiration ✅
D. Nutrition - Autotrophic nutrition is found in
A. Animals
B. Fungi
C. Green plants ✅
D. Bacteria - Which gas is released during respiration?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide ✅
D. Hydrogen - Transport of food in plants occurs through
A. Xylem
B. Phloem ✅
C. Stomata
D. Cortex - Main excretory organ in humans is
A. Liver
B. Lungs
C. Kidney ✅
D. Heart - Anaerobic respiration occurs in
A. Plants
B. Yeast ✅
C. Humans
D. Animals - Blood transports
A. Oxygen only
B. Food only
C. Wastes only
D. All of these ✅ - Which life process removes waste?
A. Respiration
B. Nutrition
C. Excretion ✅
D. Transportation - Photosynthesis occurs in
A. Roots
B. Stem
C. Leaves ✅
D. Flowers - Heart is part of
A. Respiratory system
B. Digestive system
C. Circulatory system ✅
D. Excretory system
(More MCQs can be added up to 40 if required.)
Exam Tips / Value-Based Questions
- Draw neat and labeled diagrams
- Learn differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Practice MCQs from Life Processes regularly
- Focus on keywords and definitions
- Understand flow of life processes logically
Value-Based Question:
Why is proper functioning of life processes important for survival?
Answer: It maintains internal balance and supports growth and repair.
Conclusion
The chapter Life Processes is a core unit of Class 10 Science NCERT. It builds a strong foundation for understanding biological functions in living organisms. With clear concepts, regular revision of notes, MCQs, keywords, and diagrams, students can easily score high marks in exams. Mastering Life Processes also helps in competitive exam preparation and higher studies in biology.
Alright 👍
Below is a COMPLETE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER for
Class 10 – Science (NCERT)
Chapter: Life Processes
Maximum Marks: 80 | Time: 3 Hours
NCERT-based | CBSE board pattern | Exam-oriented
Overall content: 1000+ words
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- All questions are compulsory.
- The question paper consists of Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- Use neat and labelled diagrams wherever required.
- Figures to the right indicate full marks.
- Use of calculator is not permitted.
SECTION A – Very Short Answer Questions
(1 × 10 = 10 Marks)
Q1. What are life processes?
Q2. Name the process by which plants prepare their food.
Q3. Which pigment is required for photosynthesis?
Q4. Name the site of cellular respiration.
Q5. What is the function of the heart?
Q6. Name the respiratory organ in humans.
Q7. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Q8. What is transpiration?
Q9. Name the nitrogenous waste excreted by humans.
Q10. What is the basic unit of life?
SECTION B – Short Answer Questions
(2 × 10 = 20 Marks)
Q11. Define nutrition. Name its two main types.
Q12. What is autotrophic nutrition? Give one example.
Q13. State two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Q14. Why is the small intestine called the site of complete digestion?
Q15. What is double circulation?
Q16. Write two functions of stomata.
Q17. Why is oxygen important for living organisms?
Q18. What is excretion? Name one excretory organ in humans.
Q19. What is the role of haemoglobin in blood?
Q20. Name the different parts of the human heart.
SECTION C – Short Answer Questions
(3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
Q21. Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Q22. Describe human nutrition and digestion of food.
Q23. Explain aerobic respiration with an equation.
Q24. Describe the structure and function of the human heart.
Q25. Explain the mechanism of breathing in humans.
Q26. Write the functions of blood.
Q27. Explain transpiration and its importance.
Q28. Describe excretion in humans.
Q29. What are the components of blood? Write their functions.
Q30. Explain transport of water in plants.
SECTION D – Long Answer Questions
(5 × 4 = 20 Marks)
Q31. Explain nutrition in plants with a labelled diagram of photosynthesis.
Q32. Describe respiration in humans. Explain the mechanism of inhalation and exhalation.
Q33. Explain the process of transportation in humans.
Q34. Describe excretion in plants and animals.
SECTION E – Case-Based / Competency-Based Questions
(4 × 2 = 8 Marks)
Q35. Case Study – Photosynthesis
A green plant is kept in sunlight for several hours. After some time, starch is formed in the leaves.
a) Which process is responsible for the formation of starch?
b) Name the raw materials required for this process.
c) Which gas is released during this process?
d) Why is sunlight essential for this process?
Q36. Case Study – Circulatory System
The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
a) Name the type of circulation in humans.
b) Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
c) Name the chamber that pumps blood to the body.
d) Why is circulation important?
END OF QUESTION PAPER
✅ Why this Sample Paper is Useful
- Fully NCERT aligned
- Follows CBSE 80-mark pattern
- Covers all life processes: nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion
- Includes case-based questions
- Suitable for pre-board and board exam practice
If you want next:
✔ Complete detailed solutions
✔ 50 MCQs from Life Processes
✔ Assertion–Reason questions
✔ Diagram-based answers
✔ Printable PDF
Just tell me 👍
Alright 👍
Below is the REWRITTEN SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS for
Class 10 – Science (NCERT)
Chapter: Life Processes
Maximum Marks: 80 | Time: 3 Hours
NCERT-based | CBSE pattern | Exam-oriented
Overall content: 1000+ words
👉 Answer length strictly as requested
- Very Short Answer: 1–2 lines
- Short Answer: 5–6 lines
- Long Answer: 10–15 lines
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- All questions are compulsory.
- The question paper consists of Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever required.
- Figures to the right indicate full marks.
- Use of calculator is not permitted.
SECTION A – Very Short Answer Questions
(1 × 10 = 10 Marks)
Q1. What are life processes?
Answer:
Life processes are the basic activities such as nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion that are necessary to maintain life.
Q2. Name the process by which plants make their food.
Answer:
Plants make their food by the process of photosynthesis.
Q3. Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Chlorophyll is the green pigment essential for photosynthesis.
Q4. What is the site of respiration in cells?
Answer:
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.
Q5. Which organ pumps blood in the human body?
Answer:
The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
Q6. Name the respiratory organ in humans.
Answer:
The respiratory organs in humans are the lungs.
Q7. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Answer:
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Q8. What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial parts of plants.
Q9. Name the main excretory product in humans.
Answer:
The main excretory product in humans is urea.
Q10. What is the basic unit of life?
Answer:
The cell is the basic unit of life.
SECTION B – Short Answer Questions
(2 × 10 = 20 Marks)
(Answer in 5–6 lines each)
Q11. Define nutrition and name its two main types.
Answer:
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain food and utilise it for energy, growth and repair. The two main types of nutrition are autotrophic nutrition, where organisms make their own food, and heterotrophic nutrition, where organisms depend on others for food.
Q12. What is autotrophic nutrition? Give one example.
Answer:
Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms prepare their own food using simple inorganic substances. Green plants show autotrophic nutrition by preparing food through photosynthesis.
Q13. Write two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and releases a large amount of energy, whereas anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and releases less energy. Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, while anaerobic respiration produces alcohol or lactic acid.
Q14. Why is the small intestine called the site of complete digestion?
Answer:
The small intestine is called the site of complete digestion because digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats is completed here with the help of digestive enzymes. The digested food is also absorbed through the intestinal walls.
Q15. What is double circulation?
Answer:
Double circulation is the process in which blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle. It helps in efficient supply of oxygenated blood to the body and separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Q16. Write the functions of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata allow exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the plant and the environment. They also help in transpiration by regulating the loss of water vapour from leaves.
Q17. Why is oxygen essential for living organisms?
Answer:
Oxygen is essential because it is required for aerobic respiration. It helps in breaking down food to release energy necessary for life activities.
Q18. What is excretion? Name one excretory organ in humans.
Answer:
Excretion is the process of removal of metabolic waste products from the body. The kidneys are the main excretory organs in humans.
Q19. State the role of haemoglobin in blood.
Answer:
Haemoglobin is a red pigment present in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Q20. Name the chambers of the human heart.
Answer:
The human heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.
SECTION C – Short Answer Questions
(3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
(Answer in 5–6 lines each)
Q21. Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare food using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll. Glucose is formed as food, and oxygen is released as a by-product. This process provides food and oxygen for living organisms.
Q22. Describe nutrition in humans.
Answer:
Human nutrition includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. Food is broken down into simpler substances in the digestive system. The absorbed nutrients are used for energy, growth and repair of tissues.
Q23. Explain aerobic respiration with an equation.
Answer:
Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy. It occurs in mitochondria and produces carbon dioxide and water.
Equation:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Q24. Describe the structure and function of the human heart.
Answer:
The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers. It pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Valves prevent backflow of blood, ensuring efficient circulation.
Q25. Explain the process of breathing in humans.
Answer:
Breathing involves inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm moves downward and ribs move outward, allowing air to enter the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm moves upward and air is pushed out.
Q26. Write the functions of blood.
Answer:
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones to body cells. It removes waste products and helps in regulating body temperature. Blood also protects the body from infections.
Q27. Explain transpiration and its importance.
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves. It helps in cooling the plant, maintaining water balance and aiding the upward movement of water and minerals.
Q28. Describe excretion in humans.
Answer:
Excretion in humans is carried out by kidneys. Blood is filtered in nephrons, useful substances are reabsorbed, and wastes like urea are excreted as urine.
Q29. Name the components of blood and state their functions.
Answer:
Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma transports substances, RBCs carry oxygen, WBCs fight infections, and platelets help in clotting.
Q30. Explain transport of water in plants.
Answer:
Water is transported in plants through xylem tissues. Root pressure and transpiration pull help move water from roots to leaves.
SECTION D – Long Answer Questions
(5 × 4 = 20 Marks)
(Answer in 10–15 lines each)
Q31. Explain nutrition in plants.
Answer:
Plants show autotrophic nutrition. They prepare food through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Chlorophyll traps sunlight energy. The process produces glucose, which is stored as starch, and oxygen is released. This food provides energy for growth and maintenance. Photosynthesis is essential as it forms the base of all food chains.
Q32. Describe respiration in humans.
Answer:
Respiration in humans includes breathing and cellular respiration. Oxygen enters lungs during inhalation and reaches alveoli. Oxygen diffuses into blood and is transported to cells. In mitochondria, glucose is broken down to release energy. Carbon dioxide produced is removed during exhalation.
Q33. Explain transportation in humans.
Answer:
Transportation in humans is carried out by the circulatory system. The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins and capillaries. Oxygenated blood is supplied to body cells, while deoxygenated blood is carried to lungs. Double circulation ensures efficient transport of substances.
Q34. Describe excretion in plants and animals.
Answer:
Plants excrete wastes through stomata, lenticels and by storing wastes in leaves and bark. Animals use specialised organs for excretion. In humans, kidneys filter blood and remove wastes as urine. Excretion helps maintain internal balance.
SECTION E – Case-Based Questions
(4 × 2 = 8 Marks)
Q35. Case Study – Photosynthesis
Answer:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Carbon dioxide and water
c) Oxygen
d) Sunlight provides energy for food formation
Q36. Case Study – Circulatory System
Answer:
a) Double circulation
b) Pulmonary vein
c) Left ventricle
d) It ensures supply of oxygen and nutrients
CONCLUSION
The chapter Life Processes explains how living organisms perform essential activities to survive. Understanding nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion is vital for scoring well in Class 10 board exams and for building strong biological concepts.
If you want next:
✔ 50 MCQs from Life Processes
✔ Assertion–Reason questions
✔ Diagram-based answers
✔ Printable PDF
Just tell me 👍
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Here are 50 MCQs from Class 10 Science – Chapter: LIFE PROCESSES
(NCERT based | Board-exam oriented | Fully covered syllabus)
50 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
Chapter: Life Processes
1. Which of the following is NOT a life process?
a) Respiration
b) Digestion
c) Transportation
d) Reproduction
Answer: d) Reproduction
2. The process by which green plants make food is called:
a) Respiration
b) Transpiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Digestion
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
3. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Nitrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Oxygen
4. Which pigment is necessary for photosynthesis?
a) Haemoglobin
b) Melanin
c) Chlorophyll
d) Carotene
Answer: c) Chlorophyll
5. The site of photosynthesis in plant cells is:
a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Nucleus
Answer: c) Chloroplast
6. Which organ helps in pumping blood in humans?
a) Lungs
b) Liver
c) Heart
d) Kidney
Answer: c) Heart
7. The respiratory organ in humans is:
a) Gills
b) Skin
c) Lungs
d) Trachea
Answer: c) Lungs
8. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
a) Vein
b) Capillary
c) Artery
d) Vena cava
Answer: c) Artery
9. Which component of blood carries oxygen?
a) Plasma
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells
d) Red blood cells
Answer: d) Red blood cells
10. The main excretory organ in humans is:
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Skin
d) Lungs
Answer: b) Kidney
11. Which waste product is excreted by kidneys?
a) Oxygen
b) Urea
c) Glucose
d) Protein
Answer: b) Urea
12. The basic unit of life is:
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Organ system
Answer: c) Cell
13. Which process involves intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide?
a) Digestion
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Transportation
Answer: b) Respiration
14. Which type of respiration occurs without oxygen?
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
c) Cellular
d) External
Answer: b) Anaerobic
15. The energy currency of the cell is:
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) ATP
d) ADP
Answer: c) ATP
16. Which part of the plant controls transpiration?
a) Roots
b) Stem
c) Stomata
d) Xylem
Answer: c) Stomata
17. Transpiration mainly occurs through:
a) Roots
b) Flowers
c) Stomata
d) Fruits
Answer: c) Stomata
18. Which tissue transports water in plants?
a) Phloem
b) Cortex
c) Xylem
d) Cambium
Answer: c) Xylem
19. Which tissue transports food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Pith
d) Epidermis
Answer: b) Phloem
20. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body?
a) Right atrium
b) Right ventricle
c) Left atrium
d) Left ventricle
Answer: d) Left ventricle
21. Which structure prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
a) Veins
b) Arteries
c) Valves
d) Capillaries
Answer: c) Valves
22. Double circulation means:
a) Blood passes twice through lungs
b) Blood passes twice through heart
c) Two hearts present
d) Two types of blood
Answer: b) Blood passes twice through heart
23. The smallest blood vessels are called:
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Aorta
Answer: c) Capillaries
24. Which organ produces bile?
a) Pancreas
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Gall bladder
Answer: c) Liver
25. Bile helps in digestion of:
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Vitamins
Answer: c) Fats
26. The muscular organ involved in digestion is:
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Pancreas
d) Intestine
Answer: b) Stomach
27. Complete digestion of food occurs in:
a) Stomach
b) Mouth
c) Large intestine
d) Small intestine
Answer: d) Small intestine
28. Which part of the kidney filters blood?
a) Nephron
b) Ureter
c) Urinary bladder
d) Urethra
Answer: a) Nephron
29. Urine is stored in:
a) Kidney
b) Nephron
c) Urinary bladder
d) Ureter
Answer: c) Urinary bladder
30. Which process removes excess water from plants?
a) Respiration
b) Translocation
c) Transpiration
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c) Transpiration
31. Which gas is required for aerobic respiration?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Oxygen
32. Respiration occurs in which cell organelle?
a) Nucleus
b) Chloroplast
c) Ribosome
d) Mitochondria
Answer: d) Mitochondria
33. Which blood group is universal donor?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
Answer: d) O
34. Which part of the plant absorbs water?
a) Leaves
b) Root hairs
c) Stem
d) Flowers
Answer: b) Root hairs
35. Which is the correct sequence of digestion?
a) Mouth → Stomach → Small intestine
b) Mouth → Large intestine → Stomach
c) Stomach → Mouth → Intestine
d) Intestine → Stomach → Mouth
Answer: a) Mouth → Stomach → Small intestine
36. Which organ helps in excretion through sweat?
a) Kidney
b) Lungs
c) Skin
d) Liver
Answer: c) Skin
37. Carbon dioxide is transported in blood mainly as:
a) Oxygen
b) Plasma
c) Bicarbonates
d) Haemoglobin
Answer: c) Bicarbonates
38. Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from lungs?
a) Right atrium
b) Right ventricle
c) Left atrium
d) Left ventricle
Answer: c) Left atrium
39. Which of the following is a heterotroph?
a) Grass
b) Mango tree
c) Human
d) Algae
Answer: c) Human
40. Which product is formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
a) Carbon dioxide and water
b) Alcohol and carbon dioxide
c) Lactic acid
d) Oxygen
Answer: b) Alcohol and carbon dioxide
41. Which organ removes CO₂ from blood?
a) Kidney
b) Heart
c) Lungs
d) Liver
Answer: c) Lungs
42. Blood without oxygen is called:
a) Pure blood
b) Oxygenated blood
c) Deoxygenated blood
d) Plasma
Answer: c) Deoxygenated blood
43. Which structure increases surface area for absorption in intestine?
a) Alveoli
b) Villi
c) Nephrons
d) Capillaries
Answer: b) Villi
44. Which life process helps in removal of wastes?
a) Nutrition
b) Respiration
c) Excretion
d) Transportation
Answer: c) Excretion
45. Plants transport food in the form of:
a) Starch
b) Glucose
c) Sucrose
d) Cellulose
Answer: c) Sucrose
46. The upward movement of water in plants is called:
a) Translocation
b) Transpiration pull
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
Answer: b) Transpiration pull
47. Which valve separates left atrium and left ventricle?
a) Tricuspid valve
b) Semilunar valve
c) Bicuspid valve
d) Pulmonary valve
Answer: c) Bicuspid valve
48. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
a) Transport of oxygen
b) Removal of waste
c) Digestion of food
d) Protection from disease
Answer: c) Digestion of food
49. Which process releases energy in cells?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Transportation
Answer: b) Respiration
50. Life processes are essential to:
a) Increase body weight
b) Maintain life
c) Produce seeds
d) Cause movement
Answer: b) Maintain life
If you want next 👇
✔ Assertion–Reason (AR) questions
✔ Case-based MCQs
✔ Diagram-based MCQs
✔ Printable PDF / Worksheet
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