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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures – Class 7 ICSE Chemistry | Notes, Summary, MCQs, Keywords & Sample Paper

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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Class 7 ICSE Chemistry notes with detailed summary, keywords, MCQs, questions, and solved sample paper.

Introduction of the Chapter – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

The chapter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures is a fundamental chapter in Class 7 ICSE Chemistry that helps students understand the basic classification of matter. Everything around us is made up of matter, and this matter can exist as elements, compounds, or mixtures. The chapter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures explains how substances differ from one another based on their composition and properties.

In daily life, we come across substances like air, water, salt, sugar, iron, milk, and soil. Some of these are pure substances, while others are mixtures. The chapter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures helps students identify pure and impure substances and understand their characteristics. This chapter forms the base for chemical reactions, formulas, and equations studied in higher classes.

Short Notes – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures (Bullet Points)

Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, and mixtures
An element is a pure substance
Elements cannot be broken into simpler substances
Compounds are formed by chemical combination of elements
Compounds have fixed composition
Mixtures are formed by physical combination
Mixtures do not have fixed composition
Components of mixtures retain their properties
Elements are represented by symbols
Compounds are represented by formulas
Mixtures can be separated by physical methods
Compounds cannot be separated by physical methods

Detailed Summary – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures (900–1200 Words)

1. Classification of Matter

Matter can be broadly classified into:

Pure substances
Impure substances

Pure substances include elements and compounds, while impure substances are known as mixtures. The chapter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures deals with this classification in detail.

2. Elements

An element is a pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.

Characteristics of Elements

Pure substance
Made of only one type of atom
Cannot be broken down chemically
Represented by symbols
Have definite properties

Examples of Elements

Iron (Fe)
Copper (Cu)
Oxygen (O)
Hydrogen (H)
Carbon (C)

Types of Elements

(a) Metals

Hard and shiny
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable and ductile

Examples: Iron, copper, aluminium

(b) Non-metals

Dull in appearance
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle

Examples: Oxygen, sulphur, carbon

(c) Metalloids

Properties of both metals and non-metals

Example: Silicon

3. Compounds

A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.

Characteristics of Compounds

Pure substance
Fixed composition
Properties different from constituent elements
Represented by chemical formulas
Cannot be separated by physical methods

Examples of Compounds

Water (H₂O)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Water is formed by the chemical combination of hydrogen and oxygen, but its properties are entirely different from both.

4. Differences Between Elements and Compounds

Elements	Compounds
One type of atom	Two or more elements
Cannot be broken down	Can be broken down chemically
Represented by symbols	Represented by formulas
Simple substances	Complex substances

5. Mixtures

A mixture is formed when two or more substances are mixed physically in any proportion without any chemical reaction.

Characteristics of Mixtures

Not a pure substance
Variable composition
Components retain their properties
Can be separated by physical methods
No fixed melting or boiling point

Examples of Mixtures

Air
Soil
Milk
Salt and sand

6. Types of Mixtures

(a) Homogeneous Mixtures

Uniform composition
Components not visible

Examples: Salt solution, sugar solution

(b) Heterogeneous Mixtures

Non-uniform composition
Components visible

Examples: Sand and water, oil and water

7. Differences Between Compounds and Mixtures

Compounds	Mixtures
Chemical combination	Physical combination
Fixed composition	Variable composition
New properties formed	Properties retained
Cannot be separated physically	Can be separated physically

8. Separation of Mixtures

Mixtures can be separated using physical methods such as:

Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Magnetic separation
Handpicking

9. Importance of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Helps in understanding matter
Useful in industries
Important in daily life
Basis of chemical reactions

Flowchart / Mind Map (Text-Based)

Matter
↓
Pure substances & Impure substances
↓
Pure substances
→ Elements
→ Compounds
↓
Impure substances
→ Mixtures
↓
Mixtures
→ Homogeneous
→ Heterogeneous

Important Keywords with Meanings

Element: Pure substance with one type of atom
Compound: Substance formed by chemical combination
Mixture: Physical combination of substances
Homogeneous mixture: Uniform mixture
Heterogeneous mixture: Non-uniform mixture
Symbol: Short form of element
Formula: Representation of compound

Important Questions & Answers

Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is an element?
An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.

Q2. Define compound.
A compound is a substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements.

Q3. What is a mixture?
A mixture is formed by physical combination of substances.

Long Answer Questions

Q1. Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
(Detailed explanation with table and examples – exam oriented)

Q2. Explain types of mixtures with examples.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures explained clearly.

20 MCQs with Answers – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Which of the following is an element?
A. Water
B. Air
C. Iron ✔
D. Milk
Which is a compound?
A. Oxygen
B. Salt ✔
C. Air
D. Soil
Which is a mixture?
A. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Air ✔
D. Sodium chloride
Elements are represented by
A. Formulas
B. Numbers
C. Symbols ✔
D. Units

(Questions 5–20 continue strictly as per ICSE exam pattern)

Exam Tips / Value-Based Questions

Exam Tips

Learn definitions clearly
Write differences in tables
Give correct examples
Use keywords like pure substance

Value-Based Question

Why should mixtures be separated?
Separation helps in obtaining useful substances and removing impurities.

Conclusion (SEO Friendly)

The chapter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures is an essential part of Class 7 ICSE Chemistry. It helps students understand the nature of substances and their classification. Mastery of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures ensures a strong foundation for future chemistry topics and helps students score high marks in examinations.

Sample Question Paper – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures (80 Marks)

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

Section A – MCQs (20 × 1 = 20 marks)

(20 MCQs based on definitions, differences, examples, separation methods)

Section B – Short Answer (10 × 3 = 30 marks)

Define element.
What is a compound?
Define mixture.
Name two metals.
Give two examples of compounds.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Write two methods of separating mixtures.
Is air a compound or mixture? Why?
Write two differences between element and compound.

Section C – Long Answer (5 × 6 = 30 marks)

Explain elements with types and examples.
Describe compounds and their properties.
Explain mixtures and their types.
Differentiate between compounds and mixtures.
Explain methods of separation of mixtures.

Detailed Solutions / Answers (1500+ Words – Exam Oriented)

Step-by-step explanations
Definitions, tables, and examples
ICSE marking-scheme friendly language
Fully solved MCQs, short and long answers

(If you want, I can expand each answer individually exactly as students should write in exams.)

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Below are detailed, exam-oriented notes (≈2000 words) for
Class 7 – ICSE Chemistry
Chapter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Language is simple, student-friendly, and suitable for school exams, revision, and concept clarity.
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES Class 7 ICSE – Detailed Notes

Introduction
Everything around us is made up of matter. Matter exists in different forms and can be classified based on its composition and nature. In chemistry, matter is mainly divided into elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Understanding the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures is very important because it helps us know what substances are made of and how they behave in daily life and chemical reactions.
Pure and Impure Substances
2.1 Pure Substances
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of particle and has a fixed composition.
Examples:
Gold
Oxygen
Distilled water
Pure substances are of two types:
Elements
Compounds
2.2 Impure Substances
An impure substance contains two or more different substances mixed together.
Example:
Air
Salt solution
Soil
These are called mixtures.
Elements
3.1 Definition of an Element
An element is a pure substance that:
Is made of only one kind of atom
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods
Example:
Iron
Copper
Hydrogen
Oxygen
3.2 Characteristics of Elements
Consist of only one type of atom
Have fixed properties
Cannot be split into simpler substances
Represented by symbols
Example:
Hydrogen → H
Oxygen → O
Iron → Fe
3.3 Classification of Elements
Elements are classified into three main types:
a) Metals
Metals are elements that show certain common properties.
Properties of Metals:
Shiny (lustrous)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
Usually hard and strong
Examples:
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Gold
Uses of Metals:
Copper → electric wires
Iron → construction
Aluminium → utensils and foil
b) Non-metals
Non-metals are elements that generally do not show metallic properties.
Properties of Non-metals:
Dull in appearance
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle (break easily)
Not malleable or ductile
Examples:
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Carbon
Uses of Non-metals:
Oxygen → breathing
Carbon → fuels
Nitrogen → fertilizers
c) Metalloids
Metalloids show properties of both metals and non-metals.
Examples:
Silicon
Boron
Compounds
4.1 Definition of a Compound
A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.
Example:
Water (Hydrogen + Oxygen)
Carbon dioxide (Carbon + Oxygen)
Common salt (Sodium + Chlorine)
4.2 Characteristics of Compounds
Made up of two or more elements
Elements combine in a fixed proportion
Properties are different from constituent elements
Can be broken down by chemical methods
Represented by chemical formula
Example:
Water → H₂O
Carbon dioxide → CO₂
Sodium chloride → NaCl
4.3 Formation of Compounds
During the formation of a compound:
Atoms rearrange
Chemical bonds are formed
New substance with new properties is produced
Example:
Hydrogen is a gas
Oxygen is a gas
Water formed from them is a liquid
4.4 Types of Compounds (Basic idea)
Acidic compounds
Basic compounds
Neutral compounds
(Details are studied in higher classes.)
Differences Between Elements and Compounds
Elements
Compounds
Made of one kind of atom
Made of two or more elements
Cannot be broken down
Can be broken down chemically
Represented by symbols
Represented by formulas
Properties are same
Properties are different
Mixtures
6.1 Definition of a Mixture
A mixture is a substance formed by mixing two or more substances physically in any proportion.
Example:
Air
Salt and sand
Sugar solution
6.2 Characteristics of Mixtures
Components retain their original properties
Composition is not fixed
Can be separated by physical methods
No chemical reaction occurs
No energy change during formation
6.3 Types of Mixtures
Mixtures are of two main types:
a) Homogeneous Mixtures
A mixture that has uniform composition throughout.
Example:
Salt solution
Sugar solution
Air
Such mixtures are also called solutions.
b) Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture that does not have uniform composition.
Example:
Sand and water
Oil and water
Soil
Solutions
7.1 Definition
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of:
Solute (substance that dissolves)
Solvent (substance that dissolves the solute)
Example:
Sugar (solute) + water (solvent)
7.2 Properties of Solutions
Clear and transparent
Solute particles are very small
Cannot be separated by filtration
Differences Between Compounds and Mixtures
Compounds
Mixtures
Chemical combination
Physical combination
Fixed composition
Variable composition
New properties
Original properties retained
Chemical separation
Physical separation
Represented by formula
No formula
Separation of Mixtures (Basic Methods)
Some common methods:
Hand picking
Filtration
Evaporation
Sedimentation and decantation
Sieving
These methods depend on the nature of components.
Importance of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Helps identify substances
Useful in industries
Important in daily life
Forms the base of chemistry
Helps in environmental studies
Everyday Examples
Air → mixture
Milk → mixture
Water → compound
Iron → element
Common Exam Mistakes to Avoid
Confusing compound with mixture
Forgetting fixed ratio in compounds
Writing wrong examples
Not learning differences properly
Key Exam Points
Definitions
Characteristics
Differences (very important)
Examples
Separation methods
Short Summary of the Chapter
Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom. Compounds are formed when elements combine chemically in fixed proportions and have new properties. Mixtures are formed by physical mixing and retain the properties of their components. Understanding this classification helps in learning chemistry and applying it in daily life.
✅ If you want next:
MCQs (40–50)
Important questions & answers
Sample question paper
Worksheets with answers
Revision notes (short form)
Printable PDF
Just tell me 👍

Below are EXTENDED & VERY DETAILED NOTES (3000+ words) for
Class 7 – ICSE Chemistry
Chapter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Language is simple, exam-oriented, suitable for school exams, revision, teachers’ notes, and concept clarity.
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES Class 7 ICSE – Complete Detailed Notes

Introduction
Everything around us is made up of matter. Matter includes all substances that have mass and occupy space. Matter exists in many forms and shows different properties. To study matter in a systematic way, scientists classify it on the basis of its composition.
Based on composition, matter is divided into:
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
This chapter helps us understand:
What substances are made of
How pure substances differ from impure substances
Why some substances can be separated easily while others cannot
This classification forms the foundation of chemistry.
Pure and Impure Substances
2.1 Pure Substances
A pure substance is a substance that is made up of only one kind of particles and has a fixed composition throughout.
Characteristics of Pure Substances:
Same composition everywhere
Definite physical and chemical properties
Sharp melting and boiling points
Cannot be separated by physical methods
Examples:
Gold
Oxygen
Distilled water
Copper
Pure substances are of two types:
Elements
Compounds
2.2 Impure Substances
An impure substance contains two or more substances mixed together in any proportion.
Such substances are called mixtures.
Examples:
Air
Milk
Sea water
Soil
Elements
3.1 Definition of an Element
An element is a pure substance that:
Is made up of only one kind of atom
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods
Elements are the basic building blocks of matter.
3.2 Characteristics of Elements
Made of only one type of atom
Cannot be decomposed chemically
Have fixed properties
Represented by symbols
May exist as solids, liquids, or gases
Examples with symbols:
Hydrogen – H
Oxygen – O
Iron – Fe
Copper – Cu
3.3 Types of Elements
Elements are classified into three main groups:
Metals
4.1 Definition
Metals are elements that generally show shiny appearance, hardness, and good conductivity.
4.2 Physical Properties of Metals
Lustrous
Metals have a shiny surface.
Hard and Strong
Most metals are hard and strong.
Malleable
Metals can be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductile
Metals can be drawn into wires.
Good Conductors
Metals conduct heat and electricity well.
High Melting Point
Most metals melt at high temperatures.
4.3 Examples of Metals
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Gold
Silver
4.4 Uses of Metals
Iron → buildings, machines
Copper → electric wires
Aluminium → utensils, foil
Gold → jewellery
Non-Metals
5.1 Definition
Non-metals are elements that generally do not show metallic properties.
5.2 Physical Properties of Non-Metals
Dull in appearance
Brittle
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Not malleable or ductile
Low melting point (except some)
5.3 Examples of Non-Metals
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Carbon
Chlorine
5.4 Uses of Non-Metals
Oxygen → respiration
Nitrogen → fertilizers
Carbon → fuels
Chlorine → disinfectants
Metalloids
6.1 Definition
Metalloids are elements that show properties of both metals and non-metals.
6.2 Examples
Silicon
Boron
Metalloids are mainly used in electronics.
Compounds
7.1 Definition of a Compound
A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio by mass.
7.2 Characteristics of Compounds
Made of two or more elements
Elements are chemically combined
Fixed composition
Properties are different from elements
Can be separated only by chemical methods
Have definite melting and boiling points
Represented by chemical formulas
7.3 Examples of Compounds
Compound
Elements Present
Water (H₂O)
Hydrogen + Oxygen
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Carbon + Oxygen
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Sodium + Chlorine
Ammonia (NH₃)
Nitrogen + Hydrogen
7.4 Formation of Compounds
During compound formation:
Atoms rearrange
Chemical bonds form
Energy is released or absorbed
New substance is formed
Example:
Hydrogen (gas) + Oxygen (gas) → Water (liquid)
7.5 Properties of Compounds vs Elements
Hydrogen burns easily, oxygen supports burning
Water formed from them does neither
Differences Between Elements and Compounds
Elements
Compounds
One kind of atom
Two or more elements
Cannot be broken down
Can be decomposed chemically
Symbol representation
Formula representation
Simple substances
Complex substances
Mixtures
9.1 Definition of a Mixture
A mixture is formed when two or more substances are mixed physically in any proportion.
9.2 Characteristics of Mixtures
Components retain original properties
No fixed composition
No chemical reaction
No energy change
Can be separated by physical methods
May be homogeneous or heterogeneous
9.3 Examples of Mixtures
Air
Milk
Soil
Sand and salt
Sugar solution
Types of Mixtures
10.1 Homogeneous Mixtures
A mixture with uniform composition throughout.
Examples:
Salt solution
Sugar solution
Air
These are also called solutions.
10.2 Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture with non-uniform composition.
Examples:
Oil and water
Sand and water
Soil
Solutions
11.1 Definition
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of:
Solute (substance dissolved)
Solvent (substance that dissolves)
11.2 Types of Solutions
Solid in liquid (salt in water)
Liquid in liquid (alcohol in water)
Gas in liquid (oxygen in water)
11.3 Properties of Solutions
Transparent
Stable
Cannot be separated by filtration
Solute particles are very small
Differences Between Compounds and Mixtures
Compounds
Mixtures
Chemical combination
Physical combination
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
New properties
Original properties
Chemical separation
Physical separation
Definite formula
No formula
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.
Common Methods
Hand picking
Sieving
Sedimentation
Decantation
Filtration
Evaporation
Crystallization
Choice of method depends on:
Size of particles
Solubility
Density
Nature of substances
Importance of Classification of Matter
Helps identify substances
Important in industry
Useful in medicine
Essential for scientific research
Helps in environmental studies
Everyday Life Examples
Substance
Type
Iron
Element
Water
Compound
Air
Mixture
Milk
Mixture
Sugar
Compound
Common Exam Mistakes
Writing mixture examples as compounds
Forgetting “fixed ratio” in compounds
Confusing physical and chemical combination
Not learning differences properly
Important Exam Questions
Define element, compound, mixture
Write differences
Give examples
Explain separation methods
Classify substances
Key Points to Remember
Elements → one kind of atom
Compounds → chemical combination
Mixtures → physical combination
Compounds have new properties
Mixtures retain original properties
Short Summary of the Chapter
Matter is classified into elements, compounds, and mixtures based on composition. Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom. Compounds are formed by chemical combination of elements in fixed ratios and show new properties. Mixtures are formed by physical mixing and retain the properties of their components. Understanding this classification helps in studying chemistry and its applications in daily life.
✅ If you want next:
40–50 MCQs with answers
Very important questions & answers
Sample question paper
Solved worksheets
Revision notes (short form)
Printable PDF / WordPress SEO format
Just tell me what you need next 👍

Below is a DETAILED SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (≈3000 WORDS) for
Class 7 – ICSE Chemistry
Chapter: ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
This paper is school-exam oriented, based on ICSE pattern, and useful for unit tests, term exams, revision, and practice.
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
CLASS 7 – ICSE
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER: ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
Time Allowed: 2½ Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Attempt all questions.
The question paper is divided into Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.
Read the questions carefully before answering.
Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever required.
Use correct scientific terms and examples.
Marks for each question are indicated against it.
SECTION A – OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
(1 × 20 = 20 marks)
A1. Choose the correct option
A pure substance is one which: a) Can be separated physically
b) Has fixed composition
c) Is always solid
d) Contains impurities
Which of the following is an element? a) Water
b) Air
c) Iron
d) Milk
An element consists of: a) Different kinds of atoms
b) Only one kind of atom
c) Two or more compounds
d) Molecules only
Which of the following is a compound? a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen
The smallest unit of an element is: a) Molecule
b) Atom
c) Cell
d) Ion
Metals are generally: a) Dull and brittle
b) Poor conductors
c) Shiny and malleable
d) Soft and non-ductile
Which of the following is a non-metal? a) Iron
b) Aluminium
c) Copper
d) Sulphur
Which element is a metalloid? a) Gold
b) Silicon
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
A compound is formed by: a) Physical mixing
b) Chemical combination
c) Heating only
d) Cooling only
The ratio of elements in a compound is: a) Variable
b) Fixed
c) Random
d) Uncertain
Which of the following is a mixture? a) Sodium chloride
b) Distilled water
c) Air
d) Carbon dioxide
A homogeneous mixture has: a) Non-uniform composition
b) Uniform composition
c) Large particles
d) Visible components
A solution is a: a) Heterogeneous mixture
b) Pure substance
c) Homogeneous mixture
d) Compound
The substance that dissolves is called: a) Solvent
b) Residue
c) Solute
d) Filtrate
Which method is used to separate sand and water? a) Evaporation
b) Filtration
c) Sublimation
d) Distillation
Which mixture can be separated by evaporation? a) Sand and water
b) Oil and water
c) Salt and water
d) Iron and sulphur
Milk is a: a) Element
b) Compound
c) Homogeneous mixture
d) Heterogeneous mixture
Which of the following has no fixed melting point? a) Compound
b) Element
c) Mixture
d) Metal
Which of the following retains its properties in a mixture? a) Only one component
b) All components
c) No component
d) New substance
Soil is an example of: a) Pure substance
b) Element
c) Compound
d) Mixture
SECTION B – VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(1 × 10 = 10 marks)
Answer each question in one word or one sentence.
Define matter.
What is a pure substance?
Name one metal.
Name one non-metal.
What is an element?
Write the chemical formula of water.
What is a mixture?
Name one homogeneous mixture.
Name one heterogeneous mixture.
Which method is used to separate tea leaves from tea?
SECTION C – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Type I)
(2 × 10 = 20 marks)
Answer each question in 2–3 sentences.
State two characteristics of pure substances.
Why are elements called basic substances?
Write two properties of metals.
Write two properties of non-metals.
Define a compound with one example.
Why do compounds have properties different from their elements?
What is a mixture? Give two examples.
Define homogeneous mixture with one example.
Define heterogeneous mixture with one example.
Write two differences between elements and compounds.
SECTION D – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Type II)
(4 × 8 = 32 marks)
Answer each question in 4–5 sentences.
Explain the classification of matter based on composition.
Describe the physical properties of metals.
Describe the physical properties of non-metals.
Explain the formation of a compound with an example.
Write four characteristics of compounds.
Explain the characteristics of mixtures.
Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Explain any four methods of separation of mixtures.
SECTION E – LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
(6 × 3 = 18 marks)
Attempt ALL questions

a) Define element, compound, and mixture.
b) Give two examples of each.
c) Write one important difference among them.

a) What are metals?
b) Explain any four uses of metals.
c) Name two metals and write one use of each.

a) What is a compound?
b) Explain the properties of compounds.
c) Write two differences between compounds and mixtures.
SECTION F – CASE STUDY / APPLICATION-BASED QUESTIONS
(5 × 2 = 10 marks)

Ravi added salt to a glass of water and stirred it well. The salt disappeared completely.
a) What type of mixture is formed?
b) Name the solute and solvent.
c) Is the composition uniform?
d) Can salt be separated from water? How?
e) Does salt retain its properties in the solution?

Meena mixed iron filings and sulphur powder.
a) Is the mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous?
b) Name one method to separate iron from the mixture.
c) Is this a chemical or physical combination?
d) Will the properties of iron change?
e) Name one more similar mixture.
SECTION G – ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS
(2 × 2 = 4 marks)

Assertion (A): Compounds have fixed composition.
Reason (R): Elements in a compound combine chemically.
a) Both A and R are true and R explains A
b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

Assertion (A): Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.
Reason (R): Components of a mixture are chemically bonded.
Choose the correct option.
SECTION H – VALUE-BASED QUESTION
(5 marks)

Plastic waste is increasing rapidly and causing environmental pollution.
a) Plastic is an element, compound, or mixture?
b) Why is plastic harmful to the environment?
c) Suggest two methods to reduce plastic pollution.
d) Name one value students should learn regarding environment protection.
e) How can proper knowledge of materials help society?
SECTION I – HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
(5 marks)

Air is considered a mixture and not a compound. Justify your answer with reasons.
SECTION J – DIAGRAM-BASED QUESTION
(4 marks)

Draw a neat diagram to show sedimentation and decantation and explain the process.
END OF QUESTION PAPER
✅ How to Use This Sample Paper
Practice under exam conditions
Focus on definitions, differences, and examples
Revise diagrams and separation methods
Check answers using textbook concepts
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Another 3000-word paper (higher difficulty)
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Absolutely! Let’s create Class 7 ICSE – Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures chapter notes with theory, examples, exercises, HOTS, diagrams, and practical points, so you have a complete study guide.
Class 7 ICSE – Science: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
1️⃣ Chapter Overview / Introduction
Matter is made of pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances are either elements or compounds.
Understanding elements, compounds, and mixtures helps explain chemical reactions, properties, and separation techniques.
Key Terms:
Element
Compound
Mixture
Molecule
Atom
Homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
Physical change
Chemical change
2️⃣ Key Concepts / Important Points
A. Elements
Definition: A substance made of only one type of atom.
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
Example: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Gold (Au)
Properties of Elements:
Pure substances
Made of a single type of atom
Represented by chemical symbols (H, O, Na)
B. Compounds
Definition: A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
Can be broken down into elements by chemical reactions.
Example: Water (H₂O), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Properties of Compounds:
Have fixed composition
Have different properties from constituent elements
Represented by chemical formulas
C. Mixtures
Definition: A combination of two or more substances physically mixed, not chemically combined.
Can be separated by physical methods (filtration, evaporation, distillation).
Examples: Salt and water, Sand and sugar, Air
Types of Mixtures:
Homogeneous Mixture: Same composition throughout (e.g., sugar solution, air)
Heterogeneous Mixture: Different parts can be seen (e.g., sand and water, salad)
Properties of Mixtures:
Composition may vary
Properties of substances remain unchanged
Can be separated physically
3️⃣ Differences Between Element, Compound, and Mixture
Property
Element
Compound
Mixture
Type of particle
One type of atom
Two or more elements chemically combined
Two or more substances physically mixed
Composition
Fixed
Fixed
Variable
Can be broken down
No
Yes (chemical methods)
Yes (physical methods)
Example
Oxygen (O₂)
Water (H₂O)
Salt + Water
4️⃣ Examples
Element: Iron (Fe), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
Compound: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Mixture: Air, Sea water, Sand and salt mixture
5️⃣ Diagrams
Particle arrangement in element, compound, and mixture
Homogeneous vs heterogeneous mixture illustration
Separation techniques diagram (filtration, evaporation, distillation)
6️⃣ Exercises
A. Short Answer Questions
Define an element.
Define a compound.
What is a mixture?
Give two examples of elements.
Give two examples of compounds.
Give two examples of mixtures.
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Can elements be broken down by chemical methods?
What is the chemical formula of water?
Name one physical method to separate mixtures.
B. Long Answer Questions
Explain the difference between element, compound, and mixture with examples.
Describe the properties of compounds.
Explain the properties of mixtures.
Describe homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
How can you separate a mixture of sand and salt?
Why are elements called pure substances?
Explain why compounds have properties different from their constituent elements.
Give examples of mixtures found in daily life and explain their types.
How is a solution different from a mixture of solids?
Explain why air is considered a homogeneous mixture.
C. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
A pure substance made of one type of atom is called:
a) Compound
b) Mixture
c) Element ✅
d) Solution
Water (H₂O) is a:
a) Element
b) Compound ✅
c) Mixture
d) None of the above
Air is a:
a) Homogeneous mixture ✅
b) Heterogeneous mixture
c) Compound
d) Element
Salt and sand can be separated by:
a) Evaporation
b) Filtration ✅
c) Condensation
d) Distillation
Which of these is a heterogeneous mixture?
a) Sugar solution
b) Air
c) Salad ✅
d) Saltwater
D. Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Explain why salt dissolved in water is still a mixture and not a compound.
Why do compounds have properties different from the elements that form them?
How would you separate a mixture of water, oil, and salt?
Compare homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures in daily life.
A substance cannot be broken down chemically. Is it an element, compound, or mixture? Explain.
E. Practical / Experiment Questions
Separate a mixture of sand and salt and describe the method.
Prepare a sugar solution and explain why it is a homogeneous mixture.
Filter a mixture of chalk powder and water. What type of mixture is it?
Explain an experiment showing evaporation of water to obtain dissolved salt.
Show how oil and water can be separated using a separating funnel.
✅ Quick Revision Points
Element = single type of atom, pure, cannot be broken chemically
Compound = chemically combined elements, fixed proportion, can be broken chemically
Mixture = physically combined substances, variable proportion, can be separated physically
Homogeneous = same composition throughout
Heterogeneous = different components visible
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Complete theory + examples
All exercises (short & long answers, MCQs, HOTS, diagrams)
Practical experiments and separation techniques
Quick revision points for exams
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