Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Conjunctions are important in English grammar because they help us connect ideas smoothly and logically. Without conjunctions, our sentences would be short, disconnected, and unclear. They improve the flow of writing and speaking by showing relationships such as addition, contrast, choice, cause, result, and time.

For example:

Ram and Shyam are friends.
She was tired, but she continued working.
I will come if you call me.

In the above sentences, the words and, but, and if are conjunctions.

Definition of Conjunction

A conjunction is a part of speech that connects two or more words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

Example:

I bought apples and oranges.
She did not go to school because she was ill.

Types of Conjunctions

There are three main types of conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions

Let us study each type in detail.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions. They can be remembered by the word FANBOYS:

F – For
A – And
N – Nor
B – But
O – Or
Y – Yet
S – So

Uses and Examples

1. And (Addition)

Used to add similar ideas.

She bought a pen and a notebook.
He plays cricket and football.

2. But (Contrast)

Used to show contrast.

She is poor but honest.
I wanted to go, but it started raining.

3. Or (Choice)

Used to show choice or alternative.

Do you want tea or coffee?
Study hard or you will fail.

4. Nor (Negative Choice)

Used with negative statements.

She does not like tea, nor does she like coffee.

5. For (Reason)

Used to give a reason (similar to “because”).

He was tired, for he had worked all day.

6. So (Result)

Used to show result.

It was raining, so we stayed home.

7. Yet (Contrast)

Similar to “but”.

He is rich, yet he is unhappy.

Rules of Coordinating Conjunctions

Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction when joining two independent clauses.
- She was tired, but she finished her work.
Do not use a comma when joining only words or phrases.
- I bought apples and bananas.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause to an independent clause. They show the relationship between the two clauses.

Common subordinating conjunctions:

Because
Since
Although
Though
If
When
While
Before
After
Unless
Until
That
As
Where

Examples

1. Cause or Reason

She was absent because she was sick.
Since it was late, we went home.

2. Condition

I will help you if you ask.
You cannot succeed unless you work hard.

3. Time

I was sleeping when he called.
Finish your homework before you play.

4. Contrast

Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
Though it was raining, they played.

5. Purpose

He works hard so that he may succeed.

6. Place

Sit where you like.

7. Comparison

She is taller than her sister.
He runs faster than I do.

Important Rules

When the dependent clause comes first, use a comma.
- Although it was raining, we went out.
When the independent clause comes first, comma is usually not needed.
- We went out although it was raining.

3. Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs. They join equal parts of a sentence.

Common correlative conjunctions:

Either…or
Neither…nor
Both…and
Not only…but also
Whether…or
No sooner…than
Such…that
So…that

Examples

1. Either…or

You can either come with us or stay here.

2. Neither…nor

Neither Ram nor Shyam was present.

3. Both…and

Both Riya and Siya are intelligent.

4. Not only…but also

She is not only smart but also hardworking.

5. Whether…or

I don’t know whether he will come or not.

6. No sooner…than

No sooner did he arrive than it started raining.

Important Rule: Subject-Verb Agreement

With “either…or” and “neither…nor”, the verb agrees with the subject nearest to it.

Either Ram or his friends are coming.
Either his friends or Ram is coming.

Conjunctions and Sentence Structure

Conjunctions help form different types of sentences:

Simple Sentence – One independent clause.
- She is happy.
Compound Sentence – Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
- She is happy, and she is confident.
Complex Sentence – One independent clause and one dependent clause joined by a subordinating conjunction.
- She is happy because she succeeded.
Compound-Complex Sentence – At least two independent clauses and one dependent clause.
- She was tired, but she continued working because she needed money.

Functions of Conjunctions

Conjunctions show different relationships:

Addition – and, also
Contrast – but, yet, although
Choice – or, either…or
Cause – because, since
Result – so, therefore
Condition – if, unless
Time – when, while, after
Purpose – so that
Comparison – than, as

Common Errors in Using Conjunctions

1. Double Conjunction

Incorrect: Although he was tired but he worked.
Correct: Although he was tired, he worked.
Or: He was tired, but he worked.

2. Wrong Use of “Because”

Incorrect: The reason is because he was late.
Correct: The reason is that he was late.

3. Comma Splice

Incorrect: She was hungry, she ate food.
Correct: She was hungry, so she ate food.

Importance of Conjunctions in Writing

Conjunctions improve writing by:

Connecting ideas clearly
Avoiding repetition
Showing logical relationships
Making sentences smooth and natural
Helping in essay writing and formal communication

Without conjunctions:

I was tired. I went to bed.

With conjunction:

I was tired, so I went to bed.

The second sentence is clearer and smoother.

Conjunctions in Everyday Communication

We use conjunctions daily in speaking and writing:

In conversations
In letters and emails
In essays and stories
In news reports
In academic writing

They help express thoughts logically and effectively.

Difference Between Conjunction and Preposition

Sometimes students confuse conjunctions with prepositions.

Example:

He was absent because of illness. (Preposition phrase)
He was absent because he was ill. (Conjunction)

A conjunction joins clauses, while a preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun.

Conclusion

Conjunctions are an essential part of English grammar. They act as joining words that connect ideas, words, phrases, and clauses in meaningful ways. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. Each type has a specific function and helps in forming simple, compound, and complex sentences.

By learning conjunctions properly, students can improve their speaking and writing skills. They help in expressing ideas clearly, logically, and effectively. Proper use of conjunctions makes communication smooth and powerful. Therefore, understanding conjunctions is very important for mastering English grammar.

multiple choice questions

1. Ram and Shyam are friends. The conjunction is:

A) Ram
B) and
C) Shyam
D) are
Answer: B

2. She was tired ___ she continued working.

A) and
B) but
C) or
D) for
Answer: B

3. Do you want tea ___ coffee?

A) and
B) but
C) or
D) so
Answer: C

4. He did not study, ___ he failed.

A) but
B) so
C) or
D) yet
Answer: B

5. She is poor ___ honest.

A) but
B) or
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

6. I will help you ___ you ask.

A) because
B) if
C) so
D) and
Answer: B

7. ___ it was raining, we went out.

A) Because
B) Although
C) So
D) For
Answer: B

8. He works hard ___ he may succeed.

A) but
B) so that
C) or
D) yet
Answer: B

9. She was absent ___ she was sick.

A) because
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

10. Finish your work ___ you go home.

A) after
B) before
C) but
D) so
Answer: B

11. He is rich ___ he is unhappy.

A) and
B) so
C) yet
D) for
Answer: C

12. She neither called ___ wrote.

A) or
B) nor
C) but
D) yet
Answer: B

13. Either you come ___ stay here.

A) but
B) nor
C) or
D) so
Answer: C

14. Both Ram ___ Shyam passed.

A) and
B) or
C) but
D) nor
Answer: A

15. I don’t know ___ he will come.

A) but
B) whether
C) and
D) so
Answer: B

16. He was tired, ___ he went to bed early.

A) so
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

17. She is taller ___ her sister.

A) as
B) than
C) but
D) so
Answer: B

18. I was sleeping ___ he called me.

A) when
B) but
C) so
D) or
Answer: A

19. You cannot enter ___ you have a ticket.

A) unless
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

20. He studied hard ___ he could pass.

A) so that
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

21. She tried hard ___ she failed.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

22. I like apples ___ oranges.

A) and
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

23. He was ill ___ he did not go to school.

A) so
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

24. ___ he is poor, he is happy.

A) Although
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

25. She will come ___ she finishes work.

A) after
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

26. He cannot read ___ write.

A) and
B) nor
C) but
D) so
Answer: B

27. Wait here ___ I return.

A) until
B) but
C) so
D) and
Answer: A

28. She spoke softly ___ everyone could hear.

A) so that
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

29. I will go ___ you come.

A) if
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

30. He is honest ___ he is poor.

A) though
B) so
C) and
D) for
Answer: A

31. No sooner did he arrive ___ it started raining.

A) when
B) than
C) but
D) and
Answer: B

32. She was tired ___ she kept working.

A) yet
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

33. I stayed home ___ it was raining.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

34. Study hard ___ you will fail.

A) or
B) and
C) but
D) yet
Answer: A

35. He was punished ___ he was guilty.

A) because
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

36. She sings ___ she dances well.

A) and
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

37. I was late ___ the traffic was heavy.

A) because
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

38. He is smart ___ lazy.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

39. Take an umbrella ___ it is raining.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

40. She will succeed ___ she works hard.

A) if
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

41. Neither the teacher ___ the students were present.

A) nor
B) and
C) but
D) so
Answer: A

42. I was hungry ___ I ate food.

A) so
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

43. He is not only rich ___ also kind.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) nor
Answer: A

44. She went home ___ it was late.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

45. You may sit ___ you like.

A) where
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

46. He ran fast ___ he missed the bus.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

47. I will wait ___ you return.

A) until
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

48. She is young ___ wise.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

49. He came early ___ he could meet her.

A) so that
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

50. Work hard ___ you will succeed.

A) and
B) but
C) nor
D) yet
Answer: A

51. She was angry ___ she remained silent.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

52. He will not pass ___ he studies hard.

A) unless
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

53. I called him ___ he did not answer.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

54. ___ she is young, she is very wise.

A) Though
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

55. She waited ___ the bus arrived.

A) until
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

56. He is poor ___ happy.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) or
Answer: A

57. You can have tea ___ coffee.

A) or
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

58. She studied hard ___ she could top the class.

A) so that
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

59. He neither drinks ___ smokes.

A) nor
B) or
C) but
D) and
Answer: A

60. I will stay here ___ you return.

A) until
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

61. ___ he was ill, he attended school.

A) Although
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

62. She is intelligent ___ lazy.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

63. He worked hard ___ he failed.

A) yet
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

64. I stayed inside ___ it was raining heavily.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

65. He is not only clever ___ also hardworking.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) nor
Answer: A

66. We reached early ___ we could get good seats.

A) so that
B) but
C) or
D) yet
Answer: A

67. She cannot sing ___ dance.

A) nor
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

68. Study hard ___ you will regret later.

A) or
B) and
C) but
D) yet
Answer: A

69. He ran fast ___ he could catch the train.

A) so that
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

70. I was tired ___ I kept walking.

A) yet
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

71. She opened the door ___ she heard a noise.

A) when
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

72. You must hurry ___ you will miss the bus.

A) or
B) and
C) but
D) yet
Answer: A

73. He did not go out ___ it was cold.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

74. ___ he tried hard, he could not win.

A) Though
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

75. She will come ___ she finishes her work.

A) after
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

76. I will help you ___ I am free.

A) if
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

77. He was tired ___ he did not stop working.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

78. She sings well ___ she dances gracefully.

A) and
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

79. I don’t know ___ she will agree.

A) whether
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

80. ___ you work hard, you cannot succeed.

A) Unless
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

81. He was hungry ___ he ate food.

A) so
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

82. She is honest ___ poor.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) or
Answer: A

83. I waited ___ he finished talking.

A) until
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

84. He works hard ___ he wants to succeed.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

85. She did not study ___ she failed.

A) so
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

86. ___ she was tired, she completed her work.

A) Though
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

87. You may go now ___ you have finished your task.

A) if
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

88. He is rich ___ unhappy.

A) yet
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

89. She bought fruits ___ vegetables.

A) and
B) but
C) so
D) yet
Answer: A

90. He was absent ___ he was ill.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

91. ___ you apologize, I will not forgive you.

A) Unless
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

92. She ran fast ___ she missed the bus.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

93. He is neither tall ___ strong.

A) nor
B) or
C) but
D) and
Answer: A

94. I will call you ___ I reach home.

A) when
B) but
C) and
D) so
Answer: A

95. She tried hard ___ she could not succeed.

A) but
B) and
C) so
D) for
Answer: A

96. He left early ___ he could catch the flight.

A) so that
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

97. ___ it was late, we continued working.

A) Although
B) Because
C) So
D) For
Answer: A

98. She smiled ___ she was happy.

A) because
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

99. I will not go ___ you come with me.

A) unless
B) but
C) and
D) yet
Answer: A

100. Work hard ___ you will achieve success.

A) and
B) but
C) nor
D) yet
Answer: A

Fill in the Blanks (1–100)

She is poor ___ honest.
I wanted to go, ___ it was raining.
Do you want tea ___ coffee?
He was tired, ___ he continued working.
I will help you ___ you ask me.
___ it was late, we stayed awake.
She did not come ___ she was sick.
Study hard ___ you will fail.
He is rich ___ unhappy.
Wait here ___ I return.
She sings ___ dances well.
He neither called ___ wrote.
I was sleeping ___ he knocked.
You cannot succeed ___ you work hard.
She ran fast ___ she could catch the bus.
___ he was tired, he finished his work.
I like apples ___ oranges.
He worked hard ___ he failed.
She will come ___ she finishes her homework.
We stayed home ___ it was raining.
You may go ___ you finish your work.
He was hungry ___ he ate food.
She is intelligent ___ lazy.
I don’t know ___ he will agree.
He cannot read ___ write.
___ she tried hard, she lost the match.
I will wait ___ you come back.
He left early ___ he could catch the train.
She did not study ___ she failed.
He is not only smart ___ also kind.
I stayed inside ___ it was cold outside.
She is young ___ wise.
He will not pass ___ he studies.
We reached early ___ we got good seats.
She bought fruits ___ vegetables.
He was ill ___ he attended school.
I will call you ___ I reach home.
She tried hard ___ she could not win.
You must hurry ___ you will miss the bus.
He drinks tea ___ coffee.
___ you work hard, you cannot succeed.
She was tired ___ she kept walking.
He came home ___ it was late.
I will go ___ you come with me.
She smiled ___ she was happy.
He opened the door ___ he heard a noise.
We cannot start ___ he arrives.
She is poor ___ honest and hardworking.
He studied hard ___ he could pass the exam.
I stayed there ___ the meeting ended.
She neither sings ___ dances.
He was angry ___ he said nothing.
___ he is rich, he is unhappy.
I will not go ___ you invite me.
She was absent ___ she was ill.
He is clever ___ careless.
I will help you ___ I am free.
She ran fast ___ she missed the train.
He cannot swim ___ ride a bicycle.
___ it was raining, we played outside.
She waited ___ the teacher arrived.
He is strong ___ brave.
I was tired ___ I did not stop.
You can stay here ___ leave now.
She will succeed ___ she works hard.
He left early ___ he was not feeling well.
She worked hard ___ she failed.
I don’t know ___ she will come or not.
He was poor ___ happy.
We will start ___ you are ready.
She studied hard ___ she could top the class.
He neither eats junk food ___ drinks soda.
___ she apologized, I did not forgive her.
I will stay here ___ you return.
He was tired ___ he went to bed early.
She is talented ___ humble.
I called him ___ he did not answer.
He cannot play football ___ cricket.
___ you hurry, you will miss the train.
She sang beautifully ___ everyone applauded.
He was punished ___ he broke the rules.
She is kind ___ generous.
I will not forgive you ___ you say sorry.
He studied hard ___ he could get good marks.
She was tired ___ she completed her task.
You may come ___ stay at home.
He is rich ___ he does not show off.
I waited ___ he finished speaking.
She did not eat ___ she was not hungry.
He is smart ___ lazy.
___ she was sick, she attended the meeting.
I will call you ___ I finish my work.
He worked hard ___ he achieved success.
She was late ___ the traffic was heavy.
You cannot enter ___ you have permission.
He is tall ___ strong.
I stayed quiet ___ I was angry.
She studied hard ___ she failed the exam.
___ you try, you will not improve.
He ran fast ___ he could win the race.

answers

but
but
or
but
if
Though
because
or
yet
until
and
nor
when
unless
so that
Though
and
but
after
because
after
so
but
whether
nor
Though
until
so that
so
but
because
but
unless
so
and
though
when
but
or
or
Unless
yet
though
if
because
when
until
but
so that
until
nor
but
Although
unless
because
but
if
but
nor
Though
until
and
but
or
if
because
yet
whether
but
when
so that
nor
Though
until
so
and
but
nor
Unless
and
because
and
unless
so that
but
or
but
until
because
but
Though
after
and
because
unless
and
because
but
Unless
so that

100 True/False Questions on Conjunctions

True / False (1–100)

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.
Answer: True
“And” is a coordinating conjunction.
Answer: True
There are five coordinating conjunctions.
Answer: False
FANBOYS helps us remember coordinating conjunctions.
Answer: True
“Because” is a coordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
“Although” is a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: True
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs.
Answer: True
“Either…or” is a correlative conjunction.
Answer: True
“But” shows contrast.
Answer: True
“Or” shows addition.
Answer: False
“So” shows result.
Answer: True
“Nor” is used in negative sentences.
Answer: True
“Yet” shows contrast.
Answer: True
“If” shows condition.
Answer: True
“Unless” means “if not.”
Answer: True
“Before” is a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: True
“After” shows time.
Answer: True
“Because” shows reason.
Answer: True
“And” shows contrast.
Answer: False
“Though” and “although” have similar meanings.
Answer: True
“Neither…nor” is a correlative conjunction.
Answer: True
“Both…and” joins equal parts of a sentence.
Answer: True
“Not only…but also” is a coordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
“When” shows time.
Answer: True
A compound sentence uses a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
A complex sentence uses a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: True
A comma is always used before “and.”
Answer: False
Coordinating conjunctions join equal clauses.
Answer: True
“So that” shows purpose.
Answer: True
“Than” is used for comparison.
Answer: True
“Whether…or” is a correlative conjunction.
Answer: True
“Until” shows time.
Answer: True
“For” can show reason.
Answer: True
“Yet” means the same as “and.”
Answer: False
“So” can show result.
Answer: True
“But” shows addition.
Answer: False
Subordinating conjunctions join independent clauses of equal value.
Answer: False
“Because of” is a conjunction.
Answer: False
“Since” can show reason.
Answer: True
“While” can show time.
Answer: True
“No sooner…than” is a correlative conjunction.
Answer: True
“Such…that” expresses result.
Answer: True
“So…that” expresses result.
Answer: True
A conjunction can join two nouns.
Answer: True
A conjunction can join two verbs.
Answer: True
A conjunction can join two sentences.
Answer: True
“Or” shows choice.
Answer: True
“Nor” is used after “neither.”
Answer: True
“If” shows reason.
Answer: False
“Unless” shows condition.
Answer: True
“And” can join two adjectives.
Answer: True
“Although” shows contrast.
Answer: True
“Before” shows cause.
Answer: False
“After” shows sequence of time.
Answer: True
“Because” introduces a dependent clause.
Answer: True
“But” is a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
“Either” must be paired with “or.”
Answer: True
“Neither” must be paired with “nor.”
Answer: True
“So” cannot join two clauses.
Answer: False
“Though” can begin a sentence.
Answer: True
A conjunction improves sentence flow.
Answer: True
“Yet” and “but” can have similar meanings.
Answer: True
“And” cannot join clauses.
Answer: False
Subordinating conjunctions create complex sentences.
Answer: True
“Whether” is used to express doubt or choice.
Answer: True
“While” can show contrast.
Answer: True
“Until” shows condition only.
Answer: False
“As” can show reason.
Answer: True
“For” is part of FANBOYS.
Answer: True
There are seven coordinating conjunctions.
Answer: True
“But also” can be used alone.
Answer: False
“So that” expresses purpose.
Answer: True
“Than” is a coordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
“After” is a coordinating conjunction.
Answer: False
“When” introduces a dependent clause.
Answer: True
“Because” can start a sentence.
Answer: True
“Nor” can be used without a negative idea.
Answer: False
“Though” is similar to “however.”
Answer: True
“Or” can join two independent clauses.
Answer: True
“Since” can show time.
Answer: True
“If” introduces a condition.
Answer: True
“And” shows cause.
Answer: False
“Yet” expresses contrast.
Answer: True
“Not only…but also” joins equal parts.
Answer: True
“So” always means “because.”
Answer: False
“Although” and “but” should not be used together in one clause.
Answer: True
“Where” can act as a subordinating conjunction.
Answer: True
“So” can connect two independent clauses.
Answer: True
“Unless” means “if not.”
Answer: True
“But” shows opposition.
Answer: True
“And” can join two phrases.
Answer: True
“After” introduces a dependent clause.
Answer: True
“Or” cannot show alternative.
Answer: False
“While” can show time or contrast.
Answer: True
“Neither…or” is correct usage.
Answer: False
“Because” is used to show result.
Answer: False
“So” is used to show result.
Answer: True
“Before” can begin a sentence.
Answer: True
“Yet” is used to show cause.
Answer: False
Conjunctions connect ideas logically.
Answer: True

Here is a detailed list of more conjunction words (beyond the common ones like and, but, or, because, although). I’ve grouped them by function so you can understand and remember them easily.

🔹 1. Addition (Adding Information)

These conjunctions add similar ideas:

and
also
as well as
moreover
furthermore
besides
in addition
not only…but also
both…and
too

Examples:

She is intelligent and hardworking.
He is smart; moreover, he is honest.
She is not only kind but also helpful.

🔹 2. Contrast (Showing Difference)

These show opposite or contrasting ideas:

but
yet
though
although
even though
whereas
while
however
nevertheless
nonetheless
still
on the other hand

Examples:

He is rich, yet unhappy.
Although she was tired, she worked.
She likes tea, whereas I prefer coffee.

🔹 3. Cause / Reason

These show why something happens:

because
since
as
for
seeing that
inasmuch as
due to the fact that

Examples:

She stayed home because she was sick.
Since it was raining, we canceled the match.

🔹 4. Result / Effect

These show consequences:

so
therefore
thus
hence
consequently
as a result
so that

Examples:

He studied hard, so he passed.
She was ill; therefore, she rested.

🔹 5. Condition

These express conditions:

if
unless
provided that
providing that
as long as
in case
only if
whether…or

Examples:

I will help you if you ask.
You cannot succeed unless you try.
You can go provided that you finish your work.

🔹 6. Time

These show time relationships:

when
whenever
while
before
after
until
till
once
as soon as
whenever
since

Examples:

Call me when you arrive.
I left after he came.
Wait here until I return.

🔹 7. Purpose

These show intention:

so that
in order that
lest

Examples:

He works hard so that he may succeed.
Speak softly lest you disturb others.

🔹 8. Comparison

These compare ideas:

than
as…as
rather than
whether…or

Examples:

She is taller than her sister.
I would walk rather than take a bus.

🔹 9. Correlative Conjunction Pairs

These always work in pairs:

either…or
neither…nor
both…and
not only…but also
whether…or
no sooner…than
scarcely…when
hardly…when
such…that
so…that

Examples:

Either come now or stay home.
Neither Ram nor Shyam was present.
No sooner did he arrive than it started raining.

🔹 10. Less Common / Advanced Conjunctions

Here are some advanced or formal conjunction words:

albeit
though
notwithstanding
whereas
whereby
wherever
whichever
whoever
whatever
however
even if
even though
now that
in order that
supposing
granted that

Examples:

He continued, albeit slowly.
Even if you try, you may fail.
Now that you are here, let’s start.

✅ Total Extra Conjunction Words (Quick List)

albeit, moreover, furthermore, besides, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, while, seeing that, inasmuch as, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, provided that, as long as, in case, once, whenever, lest, rather than, scarcely…when, hardly…when, notwithstanding, whereby, whoever, whichever, whatever, even if, even though, now that, supposing, granted that, etc.