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Control and Coordination Class 10 Science NCERT notes, summary, MCQs, keywords and exam-oriented questions in simple, SEO-optimized format.
Introduction of the Chapter
The chapter Control and Coordination from Class 10 Science NCERT explains how activities in living organisms are regulated and coordinated. All living beings need proper control systems to respond to stimuli and maintain balance.
Control and Coordination mainly deals with the nervous system and endocrine system in animals and plant hormones in plants. This chapter is highly important for board exams and frequently asked in MCQs and long-answer questions.
Short Notes – Control and Coordination (Bullet Points)
- Control and Coordination ensures proper functioning of body activities
- Nervous system provides fast responses
- Endocrine system works through hormones
- Reflex actions are quick and automatic
- Brain is the control center of the body
- Hormones are chemical messengers
- Plants show responses using plant hormones
- Coordination maintains internal balance
Detailed Summary of Control and Coordination (200–250 Words)
The chapter Control and Coordination explains how living organisms control their activities and coordinate responses to internal and external stimuli. In animals, this function is carried out by the nervous system and endocrine system.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It transmits electrical impulses to provide quick responses. Reflex actions are rapid and protective responses that do not involve the brain directly. The brain controls voluntary actions, thinking, and memory.
The endocrine system works with the help of hormones. Hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream and act slowly but have long-lasting effects. Important endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and reproductive glands. Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, emotions, and reproduction.
In plants, Control and Coordination is achieved through chemical substances called plant hormones. These include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Plant movements are generally slower and depend on growth or changes in turgor pressure.
The chapter Control and Coordination helps students understand how coordination maintains stability in organisms. Proper understanding of diagrams, hormones, and differences between nervous and hormonal control is essential for scoring high marks in exams.
Flowchart / Mind Map – Control and Coordination
Control and Coordination
|
|-- Animals
| |-- Nervous System
| | |-- Brain
| | |-- Spinal Cord
| | |-- Reflex Action
| |
| |-- Endocrine System
| |-- Hormones
| |-- Glands
|
|-- Plants
|-- Plant Hormones
|-- Growth Movements
Important Keywords with Meanings
- Control and Coordination – Regulation of body activities
- Stimulus – Change in environment
- Response – Reaction to stimulus
- Hormone – Chemical messenger
- Reflex Action – Automatic response
- Endocrine Gland – Hormone-secreting gland
- Auxin – Plant growth hormone
Important Questions & Answers – Control and Coordination
Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is control and coordination?
A: It is the regulation of body activities to maintain balance and respond to stimuli.
Q2. Name two plant hormones.
A: Auxin and gibberellin.
Long Answer Question
Q. Explain the role of hormones in control and coordination.
A: Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands. They regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and emotions. They act slowly but have long-lasting effects.
MCQs – Control and Coordination (25 Questions)
- Which system provides quick responses?
A. Endocrine
B. Nervous ✅
C. Digestive
D. Circulatory - Chemical messengers are called
A. Enzymes
B. Hormones ✅
C. Vitamins
D. Salts - Reflex action is controlled by
A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Spinal cord ✅
D. Lungs - Master gland of endocrine system
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal
C. Pituitary ✅
D. Pancreas - Which hormone controls growth?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Growth hormone ✅
D. Adrenaline - Plant hormone for cell elongation
A. Cytokinin
B. Auxin ✅
C. Ethylene
D. ABA - Nervous impulses are
A. Chemical
B. Electrical ✅
C. Mechanical
D. Thermal - Hormones are secreted directly into
A. Organs
B. Nerves
C. Bloodstream ✅
D. Cells - Which gland regulates metabolism?
A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid ✅
C. Pituitary
D. Adrenal - Control and coordination in plants is mainly by
A. Nervous tissue
B. Hormones ✅
C. Brain
D. Spinal cord
(More MCQs can be added up to 40 if required.)
Exam Tips / Value-Based Questions
- Draw neat diagrams of brain and reflex arc
- Learn functions of all major hormones
- Compare nervous and hormonal control
- Practice MCQs from Control and Coordination
- Use keywords properly in answers
Value-Based Question:
Why is coordination important in living organisms?
Answer: It ensures proper functioning of body systems and maintains internal balance.
Conclusion
The chapter Control and Coordination is a crucial part of Class 10 Science NCERT. It explains how organisms regulate their activities and respond to their surroundings. With clear understanding of notes, summary, MCQs, keywords, and diagrams, students can easily score high marks. Mastering Control and Coordination also helps in competitive exams and higher biology studies
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Below is a complete CBSE-style Sample Question Paper (80 Marks) for
Class 10 – Science (NCERT)
Chapter: Control and Coordination
Time: 3 Hours | Maximum Marks: 80
NCERT-based | Board exam pattern | Exam-oriented
Overall content: 1000+ words
Only QUESTIONS (no solutions)
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- All questions are compulsory.
- The question paper consists of Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- Draw neat and well-labelled diagrams wherever required.
- Figures to the right indicate full marks.
- Use of calculator is not permitted.
SECTION A – Very Short Answer Questions
(1 × 10 = 10 Marks)
- What is coordination in living organisms?
- Name the plant hormone responsible for growth in shoots.
- What is a reflex action?
- Name the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
- Which hormone regulates blood sugar level in humans?
- Name the part of the brain that controls balance and posture.
- What are hormones?
- Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
- Name the plant hormone that causes wilting of leaves.
- Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like breathing?
SECTION B – Short Answer Questions
(2 × 10 = 20 Marks)
- What is nervous coordination? Why is it important?
- Define reflex action. Give one example.
- Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions. (Any two points)
- What are plant hormones? Name any two with one function each.
- Write two functions of cerebrum.
- What is the role of auxins in plants?
- What is the function of adrenal glands?
- Why is feedback mechanism necessary in hormonal regulation?
- What happens when the secretion of insulin decreases in the body?
- Name the main parts of the human brain.
SECTION C – Short Answer Questions
(3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
- Explain the structure and function of a neuron with the help of a labelled diagram.
- Describe reflex arc with a neat diagram.
- Explain the working of nervous system in humans.
- What are plant hormones? Explain the functions of any three plant hormones.
- Describe the structure and functions of cerebellum.
- Explain the role of thyroid gland in the human body.
- Write a short note on coordination in plants.
- Differentiate between nervous system and hormonal system (any three points).
- Explain how insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose level in the body.
- Describe the role of hormones in human growth and development.
SECTION D – Long Answer Questions
(5 × 4 = 20 Marks)
a) Explain the human nervous system in detail.
b) Describe the functions of brain, spinal cord and nerves.
OR
Explain reflex action in humans. Describe its pathway and importance.
a) What is endocrine system?
b) Explain the role of different endocrine glands in the human body.
OR
Describe the mechanism of hormonal control in humans with examples.
a) Explain coordination in plants.
b) Describe different types of plant movements with suitable examples.
OR
Explain the role of plant hormones in growth and development of plants.
a) What are hormones?
b) Explain the function of pituitary gland and thyroid gland in humans.
OR
Describe disorders caused due to imbalance of hormones in the human body.
SECTION E – Case-Based / Competency-Based Questions
(4 × 2 = 8 Marks)
35. Case Study – Reflex Action
A person accidentally touches a hot object and immediately withdraws his hand.
a) Which type of action is involved in this situation?
b) Name the receptor involved.
c) Which part of the nervous system controls this action?
d) Why is this action considered protective?
36. Case Study – Hormonal Control
The pancreas secretes insulin which helps in regulating blood sugar level.
a) Name the hormone secreted by pancreas.
b) What happens if insulin is not secreted properly?
c) Name the disease caused due to insulin deficiency.
d) Why is hormonal regulation slower than nervous regulation?
END OF QUESTION PAPER
✅ Why this Sample Paper is Useful
- Fully NCERT-aligned
- Follows CBSE 80-mark blueprint
- Covers entire chapter: Control and Coordination
- Includes case-based competency questions
- Ideal for pre-boards, board exams & revision
If you want next 👇
✔ Same paper with detailed solutions (3000+ words)
✔ 50 MCQs from Control and Coordination
✔ Assertion–Reason questions
✔ Diagram-based questions
✔ Printable PDF
Just tell me 👍
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Below is the REWRITTEN SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS for
Class 10 – Science (NCERT)
Chapter: Control and Coordination
Maximum Marks: 80 | With Answers
📌 As per your instruction
- Short answers: 5–6 lines each
- Long answers: 10–15 lines each
- All sections covered
- NCERT + CBSE board exam oriented
- Lengthy, explanatory, student-friendly
SECTION A – Very Short Answer Questions (1×10 = 10)
(Answers are brief and to the point)
Q1. What is coordination in living organisms?
Answer:
Coordination is the process by which different organs and systems of the body work together in a well-organised manner. It helps an organism respond properly to internal and external stimuli. Coordination ensures proper control over various life activities. Both nervous system and hormones help in coordination.
Q2. Name the plant hormone responsible for growth in shoots.
Answer:
Auxin is the plant hormone responsible for the growth of shoots. It promotes cell elongation in stem cells. Auxins also help plants bend towards light. This hormone plays an important role in phototropism.
Q3. What is a reflex action?
Answer:
A reflex action is a quick, automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus. It does not involve thinking by the brain. Reflex actions help protect the body from harm. Example: withdrawing hand from a hot object.
Q4. Name the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Answer:
Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It receives, processes and transmits nerve impulses. Neurons help in communication between different parts of the body. They form nerves and brain tissue.
Q5. Which hormone regulates blood sugar level in humans?
Answer:
Insulin regulates the blood sugar level in humans. It is secreted by the pancreas. Insulin helps in converting excess glucose into glycogen. Proper insulin secretion maintains normal blood glucose level.
SECTION B – Short Answer Questions (2×10 = 20)
(Each answer: 5–6 lines)
Q11. What is nervous coordination? Why is it important?
Answer:
Nervous coordination is the control and regulation of body activities by the nervous system using nerve impulses. It allows quick responses to stimuli. Nervous coordination is important because it helps organisms react rapidly to changes in the environment. It ensures proper functioning of organs. It also provides protection through reflex actions.
Q12. Define reflex action. Give one example.
Answer:
A reflex action is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus without the involvement of the brain. It is controlled by the spinal cord. Reflex actions are fast and protective in nature. Example: blinking of eyes when dust enters. It prevents damage to the eyes.
Q13. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions.
Answer:
Voluntary actions are under conscious control, such as writing or walking. Involuntary actions are not under conscious control, such as heartbeat and breathing. Voluntary actions are controlled by the cerebrum. Involuntary actions are controlled by the medulla. Voluntary actions can be stopped at will, involuntary cannot.
Q14. What are plant hormones? Name any two with one function each.
Answer:
Plant hormones are chemical substances that regulate growth and development in plants. Auxin helps in cell elongation and shoot growth. Gibberellin promotes stem elongation and seed germination. These hormones control plant movements and responses to stimuli. They act in very small quantities.
Q15. Write two functions of cerebrum.
Answer:
The cerebrum controls voluntary actions like thinking, walking and writing. It is responsible for intelligence, memory and reasoning. It also interprets sensory information such as sight, sound and touch. Cerebrum plays a major role in conscious activities. It is the largest part of the brain.
SECTION C – Short Answer Questions (3×10 = 30)
(Each answer: 5–6 lines)
Q21. Explain the structure and function of a neuron.
Answer:
A neuron consists of three main parts: dendrites, cell body and axon. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from receptors. The cell body processes the impulse. Axon transmits the impulse to another neuron or effector. Neurons help in transmission of messages throughout the body. They enable coordination and control.
Q22. Describe reflex arc.
Answer:
A reflex arc is the pathway followed by nerve impulses during a reflex action. It consists of receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron and effector. The stimulus is detected by receptors. The impulse travels to spinal cord and then to muscles. Reflex arc ensures quick response.
Q23. Explain coordination in plants.
Answer:
Plants do not have a nervous system, so coordination occurs through plant hormones. These hormones regulate growth, movement and responses to stimuli. Movements in plants can be growth-related or non-growth-related. Example: bending of plants towards light. Chemical coordination is slower but effective.
Q24. Explain the role of thyroid gland.
Answer:
The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine hormone. It regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Thyroxine controls growth and development of the body. Proper iodine intake is necessary for its functioning. Deficiency of thyroxine causes goitre.
SECTION D – Long Answer Questions (5×4 = 20)
(Each answer: 10–15 lines)
Q31. Explain the human nervous system in detail.
Answer:
The human nervous system controls and coordinates all activities of the body. It is divided into central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord. The brain controls thinking, memory and voluntary actions. The spinal cord controls reflex actions. Peripheral nervous system connects the brain to different body parts. Autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion. Together, the nervous system enables quick communication and response.
Q32. Explain reflex action and its importance.
Answer:
A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus. It is controlled by the spinal cord without the involvement of the brain. Reflex actions occur through a reflex arc. They help protect the body from harmful situations. Examples include withdrawing hand from hot objects and blinking of eyes. Reflex actions reduce reaction time. They ensure survival by preventing injuries. These actions are involuntary and fast.
Q33. Explain endocrine system and its functions.
Answer:
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Major endocrine glands include pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands. Hormones regulate growth, metabolism and development. The pituitary gland controls other glands and is called master gland. Hormonal coordination is slower but long-lasting. Endocrine system maintains balance in body functions.
Q34. Explain coordination in plants and role of plant hormones.
Answer:
Plants coordinate their activities through chemical substances called plant hormones. These hormones control growth, development and movements. Auxin promotes cell elongation. Gibberellin helps in stem growth. Cytokinin promotes cell division. Abscisic acid causes wilting of leaves. Plant hormones act slowly and affect specific regions. They help plants respond to light, gravity and water.
SECTION E – Case-Based Questions (4×2 = 8)
Q35. Reflex action case
Answer:
a) Reflex action
b) Skin receptor
c) Spinal cord
d) It protects the body from injury by providing quick response
Q36. Hormonal control case
Answer:
a) Insulin
b) Blood sugar level increases
c) Diabetes
d) Hormones act slowly through blood
END
Here are 50 MCQs from Class 10 Science – Chapter: Control and Coordination
(NCERT-based • CBSE board pattern • Exam-oriented)
50 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
Chapter: Control and Coordination
1. Control and coordination in humans is brought about by:
a) Nervous system only
b) Endocrine system only
c) Both nervous and endocrine systems
d) Digestive system
Answer: c) Both nervous and endocrine systems
2. The structural and functional unit of nervous system is:
a) Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Neuron
d) Synapse
Answer: c) Neuron
3. Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla
c) Cerebrum
d) Spinal cord
Answer: c) Cerebrum
4. The part of the brain that maintains balance and posture is:
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla
c) Hypothalamus
d) Cerebellum
Answer: d) Cerebellum
5. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like breathing?
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla
c) Cerebellum
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Medulla
6. A reflex action is controlled by:
a) Brain
b) Cerebellum
c) Spinal cord
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Spinal cord
7. The pathway followed by nerve impulses during a reflex action is called:
a) Neuron path
b) Reflex arc
c) Nerve impulse
d) Synapse
Answer: b) Reflex arc
8. Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Cytokinin
d) Insulin
Answer: d) Insulin
9. The plant hormone responsible for cell elongation is:
a) Cytokinin
b) Gibberellin
c) Auxin
d) Abscisic acid
Answer: c) Auxin
10. Which plant hormone promotes cell division?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Ethylene
Answer: b) Cytokinin
11. Abscisic acid is responsible for:
a) Growth of stem
b) Ripening of fruits
c) Wilting of leaves
d) Cell division
Answer: c) Wilting of leaves
12. Ethylene is related to:
a) Leaf fall
b) Fruit ripening
c) Stem elongation
d) Cell division
Answer: b) Fruit ripening
13. The endocrine glands release hormones directly into:
a) Ducts
b) Lymph
c) Blood
d) Nerves
Answer: c) Blood
14. Which gland is called the master gland?
a) Thyroid
b) Adrenal
c) Pancreas
d) Pituitary
Answer: d) Pituitary
15. Insulin is secreted by:
a) Liver
b) Thyroid
c) Pancreas
d) Adrenal
Answer: c) Pancreas
16. Deficiency of insulin causes:
a) Goitre
b) Diabetes
c) Dwarfism
d) Gigantism
Answer: b) Diabetes
17. Thyroxine hormone is secreted by:
a) Pituitary gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Thyroid gland
d) Pancreas
Answer: c) Thyroid gland
18. Iodine deficiency causes:
a) Diabetes
b) Goitre
c) Dwarfism
d) Obesity
Answer: b) Goitre
19. Adrenal gland prepares the body for:
a) Digestion
b) Growth
c) Stress and emergency
d) Reproduction
Answer: c) Stress and emergency
20. Which hormone increases heart rate during emergency?
a) Thyroxine
b) Insulin
c) Adrenaline
d) Growth hormone
Answer: c) Adrenaline
21. The nervous system works by transmitting:
a) Blood
b) Hormones
c) Nerve impulses
d) Oxygen
Answer: c) Nerve impulses
22. Hormonal coordination is:
a) Fast and short-lasting
b) Slow and long-lasting
c) Fast and permanent
d) Slow and temporary
Answer: b) Slow and long-lasting
23. Which gland regulates metabolism of the body?
a) Pituitary
b) Thyroid
c) Pancreas
d) Adrenal
Answer: b) Thyroid
24. Which part connects brain with the rest of the body?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla
c) Spinal cord
d) Neuron
Answer: c) Spinal cord
25. Which of the following is a voluntary action?
a) Heartbeat
b) Breathing
c) Writing
d) Digestion
Answer: c) Writing
26. Which action is involuntary?
a) Reading
b) Walking
c) Blinking of eyes
d) Writing
Answer: c) Blinking of eyes
27. Synapse is the junction between:
a) Two organs
b) Two neurons
c) Brain and spinal cord
d) Two glands
Answer: b) Two neurons
28. The growth hormone is secreted by:
a) Thyroid
b) Pituitary
c) Adrenal
d) Pancreas
Answer: b) Pituitary
29. Excess secretion of growth hormone causes:
a) Dwarfism
b) Diabetes
c) Gigantism
d) Goitre
Answer: c) Gigantism
30. The endocrine system is made up of:
a) Nerves
b) Nephrons
c) Glands
d) Capillaries
Answer: c) Glands
31. Chemical coordination in plants is achieved by:
a) Nervous tissue
b) Hormones
c) Blood
d) Reflex action
Answer: b) Hormones
32. Which hormone causes closing of stomata?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Abscisic acid
d) Ethylene
Answer: c) Abscisic acid
33. The central nervous system includes:
a) Brain and nerves
b) Brain and spinal cord
c) Nerves and ganglia
d) Brain and neurons
Answer: b) Brain and spinal cord
34. Which hormone is called emergency hormone?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Adrenaline
d) Growth hormone
Answer: c) Adrenaline
35. Which gland controls other endocrine glands?
a) Thyroid
b) Pancreas
c) Pituitary
d) Adrenal
Answer: c) Pituitary
36. The response in plants to light is called:
a) Geotropism
b) Hydrotropism
c) Phototropism
d) Chemotropism
Answer: c) Phototropism
37. Movement of plant part towards gravity is called:
a) Phototropism
b) Hydrotropism
c) Geotropism
d) Thigmotropism
Answer: c) Geotropism
38. Touch-me-not plant shows which movement?
a) Phototropism
b) Nastic movement
c) Geotropism
d) Hydrotropism
Answer: b) Nastic movement
39. Hormones are effective in:
a) Large quantities
b) Small quantities
c) Very high doses
d) Solid form
Answer: b) Small quantities
40. The pathway of nerve impulse in reflex arc starts from:
a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Receptor
d) Effector
Answer: c) Receptor
41. Which gland secretes adrenaline?
a) Pituitary
b) Pancreas
c) Thyroid
d) Adrenal
Answer: d) Adrenal
42. Which hormone helps in growth of bones?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Growth hormone
d) Adrenaline
Answer: c) Growth hormone
43. Nerves that carry impulses from receptors to CNS are:
a) Motor nerves
b) Sensory nerves
c) Mixed nerves
d) Spinal nerves
Answer: b) Sensory nerves
44. Nerves that carry impulses from CNS to muscles are:
a) Sensory nerves
b) Motor nerves
c) Mixed nerves
d) Cranial nerves
Answer: b) Motor nerves
45. Which plant hormone delays ageing in leaves?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Ethylene
d) Abscisic acid
Answer: b) Cytokinin
46. Which hormone maintains normal blood sugar level?
a) Adrenaline
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Growth hormone
Answer: b) Insulin
47. Nervous coordination is transmitted through:
a) Blood
b) Hormones
c) Nerves
d) Lymph
Answer: c) Nerves
48. Hormonal coordination is slower because hormones:
a) Move through nerves
b) Move through blood
c) Are not active
d) Are solid
Answer: b) Move through blood
49. Which of the following is NOT a function of nervous system?
a) Receiving stimuli
b) Transmitting impulses
c) Digestion of food
d) Coordination
Answer: c) Digestion of food
50. Control and coordination are essential to:
a) Increase body weight
b) Maintain homeostasis
c) Produce energy
d) Cause reproduction
Answer: b) Maintain homeostasis
If you want next 👉
✔ Assertion–Reason MCQs
✔ Case-based MCQs
✔ Diagram-based questions
✔ Printable PDF / Worksheet
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